Introduction to Operations Management NotesChapter 2 Overview of Operations Management>Organizing to Produce Goods and Services:Whether they are retail stores,hospitals,manufacturers,car washers,or other types ofenterprises,all business organizations have three essential functions:1.Marketing:Get customers2.Operations:Create product or service3.Finance/Accounting:Obtain funds;Track organizational performance;Pay bills>Some Critical Decisions:1.Service and product design服务和产品设计2.Process and capacity design工艺和产能设计3.Quality management质量管理4.Supply chain management供应链管理Operations and Supply Chain Management(OSCM)is defined as the design,operation,and improvement of the systems that create and deliver thefirm's primary products and services.定义为创建和提供公司主要产品和服务的系统的设计、运营和改进。The elements of operations and Supply Chain management:II.Manufacturing andService ProcessesHow are processes thattransform resources intoproducts designed？I.Strategy.Products,andIII.Supply Chain ProcessesV.Special TopicsCapacityHow are products movedHow are these conceptsHow does the firm's strategythrough the supply chain?used in special industries?impact its products andprocesses?IV.Supply and DemandPlanning and ControlHow are OSCM processesmanaged using computersystems？1.Strategy,products and capabilities:marketing strategy,operation strategy andMain contents:·Competitiveness,strategy and productivity竞争力、战略和生产力·Product and service design产品和服务设计·Strategic capability management战略能力管理2.Manufacturing and service processes:focus on the design of internal processes.Main contents:·Manufacturing and service processes制造服务流程·Quality management质量管理3.Supply chain processes:第三部分将我们的视野从材料采购、产品和服务分销扩展到整个系统。Main contents:·Lean supply chains精益供应链·Logistics,distribution,and transportation物流、配送和运输·Global sourcing and procurement全球采购和采购4.Supply and demand planning and control:the technology needed in the actualoperation of the system.Main contents:·Enterprise resource planning system企业资源规划系统·Sales and operations planning销售运营计划>Operations and supply chain process activities:Planning -Sourcing -Making-Delivering -Returning>Chief Operating Officer(COO)Careers in OSCM(运营和供应链管理)1.Plant manager:工厂经理-监督生产组织产品所需的劳动力和实物资源（库存、设备和信息技术)2.Supply chain manager:供应链经理-与供应商谈判合同，协调生产过程中的材料投入流和向客户运送成品3.Project manager::项目经理-计划和协调员工活动，如新产品开发、新技术部署和新设施选址4.Purchasing manager:采购经理管理-采购的日常工作，如沟通和跟进5.Business process improvement analyst:业务流程改进分析师-应用精益生产工具来减少周期时间并消除流程中的浪费6.Logistic manager::物流经理-监督整个供应链中的货物运输>Efficiency,Effectiveness,and ValueEfficiency-doing something at the lowest possible costEffectiveness-doing the right things to create the most value for the companyValue-quality divided by priceQuality-the attractiveness of the product,considering its features and durability>How Does Wall Street Evaluate Efficiency?Benchmarking-a process in which one company studies the processes of anothercompany (or industry)to identify best practicesManagement Efficiency RatiosReceivable TurnoverAnnual Credit SalesAverage Account ReceivableCost of Goods Sold·Inventory Turnover=Average Inventory ValueRevenue (or Sales)·Asset Turnover=Total Asset